After installing CentOS 8 , I have decided to install oracle db. With CentOS 7 i used oracle 12c for my work. But when I try to install Oracle 12c at CentOS 8 it show warning INS-13001
By Ignoring this warning message i can install Oracle12c, but i have decided to install Oracle 19c
So I download it from Oracle website. For Linux, Oracle19c have two variant one is rpm and other .zip file. I have decided to download zip file.
Server Configuration
Oracle Server Configuration
| Machine Name | IP Address | Processor | OS | Memory |
|---|
| devbase.lambda.asia | 192.168.0.1 | 1 x AMD Athlon™ 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 3800+ | CentOS 8 (64-bit) | 8GB |
Disk Partition for Oracle Software As per oracle Recommendation
| Mount Point | Usages | Size |
|---|
| /u01 | Oracle Database Software | at least 8 GB |
| /u02 | Data file | at least 6 GB but it should be according to your db size |
| /u03 | Recovery Area | Same as data file |
Server Hardware and Memory Check List
| Component | Recomendation | How To Check |
|---|
| Physical RAM | at least 1 GB | #grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
|
| Swap | if 1GB < RAM < 2GB then 1.5 times of RAM
if 2GB < RAM < 16GB then equal to SIZE of RAM
if RAM >16GB then SWAP SIZE is 16 GB | #grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
|
| tmp dir | at least 1 GB | #df -h /tmp
|
Oracle Configuration
This section provides instruction how to create the operating system user and groups that will used to manage and install oracle database release 19c.
Create Oracle Software Owner
| Description | OS Group Name | OS User Assigned to this Group | Oracle Privilege | Oracle Group Name | Home Directory |
|---|
| Oracle Inventory and Software Owner | oinstall | oracle | | | /home/oracle |
| Database Administrator | dba | oracle,yogesh | SYSDBA | OSDBA | |
| Database Operator | oper | oracle,yogesh | SYSOPER | OSOPER | |
# groupadd oinstall
#groupadd dba
#groupadd oper
#useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper -c "oracle software owner" oracle
Now create password for user oracle
#passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password: xxxxxxxxxxx
Retype new password: xxxxxxxxxxx
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Create Environment variable for user Oracle
# su - oracle
Login to machine using user Oracle and set enviornment variable.
$vim ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=devbase.lambda.asia
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=devdb
##########ORACLE BASE #############
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInventory
export ORACLE_SID=devdb
export PDB_NAME=devdbpdb
export DATA_DIR=/u02/app/oracle/oradata
export GLOBAL_NAME=devdb.lambda.asia
# ---------------------------------------------------
# TNS NAME SETTING
# ---------------------------------------------------
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
# ---------------------------------------------------
# PATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Used by the shell to locate executable programs;
# must include the $ORACLE_HOME/bin directory.
# ---------------------------------------------------
PATH=.:${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/u01/app/oracle/dba_scripts/bin
export PATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the list of directories that the shared
# library loader searches to locate shared object
# libraries at runtime.
# ---------------------------------------------------
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# CLASSPATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# The class path is the path that the Java runtime
# environment searches for classes and other resource
# files. The class search path (more commonly known
# by the shorter name, "class path") can be set using
# either the -classpath option when calling a JDK
# tool (the preferred method) or by setting the
# CLASSPATH environment variable. The -classpath
# option is preferred because you can set it
# individually for each application without affecting
# other applications and without other applications
# modifying its value.
# --------------------------------------------------
CLASSPATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/ojdbc6.jar
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
Oracle Software Component
| Software Component | Version |
|---|
| Oracle Database | Oracle Database Release 19c Zip file |
Oracle Database Name
| Software Component | Oracle SID | Global Database Name |
|---|
| oracle container database(cdb) | devdb | devdb.lambda.asia |
| oracle pluggable database | devpdb | devpdb.lambda.asia |
Oracle Software Component
| Discription | Directory |
|---|
| Oracle Base | /u01/app/oracle |
| Oracle Home | /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1 |
| Oracle data | /u02/app/oracle/oradata |
| Oracle Recovery Files | /u03/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area |
Create Oracle Base
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
# chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01/app
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app
Create Oracle Home
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
Create Oracle Data Directory
# mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/oradata
# chown -R oracle.oinstall /u02/app
# chmod -R 775 /u02/app
Create Recovery Directory
# mkdir -p /u03/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
# chown -R oracle.oinstall /u03/app
# chmod -R 775 /u03/app
Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux
This section focuses on preparing the CentOS/RedHat 8 machine for Oracle 19c installation. This section include verfying memory and swap space , setting shared memory and semaphores, setting the maximum number of file handles, setting IP local port range.
Following table show the minimum kernel parameter settings
If the current value for any parameter is greater than the value listed in this table, then the Fixup scripts do not change the value of that parameter.
| Parameter |
Value |
File |
semmsl
semmns
semopm
semmni |
250
32000
100
128 |
/proc/sys/kernel/sem |
| shmall |
Greater than or equal to the value of shmmax, in pages.
|
/proc/sys/kernel/shmall |
| shmmax |
Half the size of physical memory in bytes |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax |
| shmmni |
4096 |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni |
| panic_on_oops |
1 |
/proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops |
| file-max |
6815744 |
/proc/sys/fs/file-max |
| aio-max-nr |
1048576
Note: This value limits concurrent outstanding requests and should be set to avoclass="tblrow" I/O subsystem failures. |
/proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr |
| ip_local_port_range |
Minimum: 9000
Maximum: 65500 |
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range |
| rmem_default |
262144 |
/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default |
| rmem_max |
4194304 |
/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max |
| wmem_default |
262144 |
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default |
| wmem_max |
1048576 |
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max |
1. The kernel parameter need to persist after reboot. there are serveral method to set kernel parameter. In CentOS 8 or RedHat 8 i used /etc/sysctl.d/ and create a file 97-oracle-database-sysctl.conf file and add kernel parameter in it.
# vim /etc/sysctl.d/97-oracle-database-sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4057989120
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
2. To Change current value of kernel parameter
# /sbin/sysctl --system
Review the output of above command, if the value is incorrect, edit 97-oracle-database-sysctl.conf file, then enter this command again.
3. Confirm that value are set correctly.
# /sbin/sysctl -a
4. Restart the system or enter sysctl --system command to make the changes in 97-oracle-database-sysctl.conf file avilable in active memory of kernel.
Download Oracle19c and extract it
After above mentioned steps now we need Oracle Software 19c Zip file. Download it from Oracle Website.
Unzip downloaded file into Oracle Home directory i.e. /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0./dbhome_1/
I have downloded Oracle Software under /home/oracle/oracle19c/ . Enter following command to extract zip file to ORACLE Home.
Note -> Starting from Oracle 18c, zip file should be extracted into ORACLE Home location.
$ unzip ~/oracle19c/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/
Install Prerequisite packages
Nowadays all the required packages are available for Oracle database installation but i Got few errors. So I mentioned thoses and steps i used to solved.
Error-1:
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/perl/bin/perl: error while loading shared libraries:
libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
For this check the following perl script
$ ldd /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/perl/bin/perl
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffd0e9b1000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f31d8706000)
libnsl.so.1 => not found
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f31d82e9000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f31d7f67000)
libcrypt.so.1 => /lib64/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00007f31d7d3e000)
libutil.so.1 => /lib64/libutil.so.1 (0x00007f31d7b3a000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f31d7776000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f31d755e000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f31d8926000)
To solved this install following packages
dnf install -y libnsl
dnf install -y libnsl.i686
dnf install -y libnsl2
dnf install -y libnsl2.i686
dnf install -y xorg-x11-xauth
Error-2:
[WARNING] [INS-08101] Unexpected error while executing the action at state: 'supportedOSCheck'
CAUSE: No additional information available.
ACTION: Contact Oracle Support Services or refer to the software manual.
SUMMARY:
- java.lang.NullPointerException
To solve this i enter the following command.
$ export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=RHEL7.6
Now I again start installer.
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
$ ./runInstaller
POST Installation work
1. Oracle Network Configuration
After successful installtion of Oracle, we need to configure Listener.
and If we want to use tnsname to connect database then we need to
configure tnsnames.ora file.
a. Configuring Listener
Steps Involved in Configuring Listner.
1. Start Listener
$ switch to Oracle user if not
$ su - oracle
$ -- use lsnrctl command to check listener
$ lsnrctl
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 08-FEB-2020 08:48:51
Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=devbase.lambda.asia)(PORT=1539)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 05-FEB-2020 07:48:08
Uptime 3 days 1 hr. 1 min. 9 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devBase/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1539)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/devdb/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "86b637b62fdf7a65e053f706e80a27ca.lambda.asia" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "devdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "9dcb836d9b005d05e055000000000001.lambda.asia" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "devdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "9df280b47456442ee055000000000001.lambda.asia" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "devdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "devdb.lambda.asia" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "devdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "devdbXDB.lambda.asia" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "devdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "devpdb.lambda.asia" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "devdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "studentpdb.lambda.asia" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "devdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
2. Configure Listener
- connect oracle database server using sqlplus / as sysdba
- Now check available services use - select name from v$services;
- Now check listener parameter use - show parameter listener
- Now alter local_listener parameter value if it is not set. two ways
- Either use - alter sysetm set local_listener='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=devbase.lambda.asia)(PORT=1539))' scope=both;
- or use listener alias, Listener alias we can get from lisenter.ora file
[oracle@devBase admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = devbase.lambda.asia)(PORT = 1539))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
SQL>alter sysetm set local_listener='LISTENER' scope =both;
b . Configure tnsnames.ora
Luckliy Oracle provide us a very handy tools for doing this. it is net manager. To open net manager in CentOS 8 or RedHat 8 we enter following command
$ netmgr &
Now we configure tnsnames for our servers.
Connect with PDB
From oracle 12c onwards oracle introduce concept of pluggable database. we can connect pluggable database by following steps
Method using SQLPLUS alter session
1. sqlplus / as sysdba
2. select name,open_mode from v$pdbs;
or
2. show pdbs;
if open_mount is not in read write then enter following query
3. alter pluggable database all open;
4. now alter session - alter session set container=devpdb;
5. show con_name -> it will present you pluggable database name.
using TNSNAMES.ora configuration
1. conn system/password@devpdb
2. verify that you are connected with pdbs or not show con_name;
Installing Example database
Here I am going to explain how to install example database manually.
Download Script From Github
Starting from Oracle 12.2 , the sample schemas are avialable on github.
Extract the Downloaded File
Extract downloaded file directly into the $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema
$ unzip db-sample-schemas-19.2.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema
Adjust working directory
Enter the following perl command to replace "_SUB_CWD" tag in the scripts with current working directory
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema
$ perl -p -i.bak -e ‘s#SUB__CWD#’$(pwd)’#g’ *.sql */*.sql */*.dat
Install Sample Schema
1. Connect with pdb where you want to create these schema
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> conn system/password@devpdb
Connected.
2. Create dedicated tablespace
SQL> -- verify tablespace
SQL> select tablespace_name, b.file_name from dba_tablespaces a join dba_data_files b using (tablespace_name);
TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM /u02/app/oracle/oradata/DEVDB/devpdb/system01.dbf
SYSAUX /u02/app/oracle/oradata/DEVDB/devpdb/sysaux01.dbf
UNDOTBS1 /u02/app/oracle/oradata/DEVDB/devpdb/undotbs01.dbf
USERS /u02/app/oracle/oradata/DEVDB/devpdb/users01.dbf
SQL> create tablespace example datafile '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/DEVDB/devpdb/example.dbf'
size 100M AUTOEXTEND ON next 10M
extent management local;
Tablespace EXAMPLE created.
3. Install sample schemas
SQL> -- Now we run mksample.sql sql script
@mksample systempw syspw hrpw oepw pmpw ixpw shpw bipw example temp /your/path/to/log/ connect_stri
where mksample is located inside $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/
systempw - System User password
syspw - Sys user password
hrpw - Hr User Password
oepw - OE(Order Entry) user password
pmpw - pm(Print media) user password
ixpw - ix(Information exchange) user password
shpw - sh( Sale history) user password
bipw - bi (business information) user password
example - tablespace
temp - tablespace
/log - log location
connect_string - system/password@devpdb
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> @?/demo/schema/mksample password password hr oe pm ix sh bi example temp $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/log devbase.lambda.asia:1539/devpdb.lambda.asia
